Skip to main content
Pay Bill Portals

Signatera Publications

Signatera is the most comprehensively validated and published MRD assay

Bladder and Other GU Cancers | Breast Cancer | Colorectal Cancer (CRC) | Other GI Cancers | Gynecological Malignancies | Head and Neck Cancers | Lung Cancer | Skin Cancer (Melanoma, Merkel Cell, and Sarcoma) | Hematologic Malignancies | Pancancer

Bladder and Other GU Cancers

  1. Ben-David R, Alerasool P, Kalola H, et al. Tumor Characteristics Associated With Preoperatively Detectable Tumor-Informed Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients With Renal Masses Suspicious for Renal Cell Carcinoma. JCO Precis Oncol. 2024 Sep:8:e2400281. doi: 10.1200/PO.24.00281.
  2. Ben-David R, Lidagoster S, Geduldig J, et al. The prognostic significance of circulating tumor DNA in patients with positive lymph node disease after robotic-assisted radical cystectomy: A contemporary analysis. Urologic Oncology. 2024 Sep 13:S1078-1439(24)00576-3. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.08.006.
  3. Correa AF, Kalashnikova E, Wu H-T, et al. Association of circulating tumor DNA with patient prognosis in surgically resected renal cell carcinoma. Oncologist. 2024 Jul 16: oyae180. doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae180.
  4. Sfakianos JP, Basu A, Laliotis G, et al. Association of Tumor-informed Circulating Tumor DNA Detectability Before and After Radical Cystectomy with Disease-free Survival in Patients with Bladder Cancer. European Urology Oncology. 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.euo.2024.07.001
  5. Ben-David R, Tillu N, Cumarasamy S, et al. Longitudinal Tumor-informed Circulating Tumor DNA Status Predicts Disease Upstaging and Poor Prognosis for Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy. European Urology Oncology. 2024, Mar; doi: 10.1016/j.euo.2024.03.002.
  6. Jang A, Lanka SM, Jaeger EB, et al. Longitudinal Monitoring of Circulating Tumor DNA to Assess the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced Genitourinary Malignancies. JCO Precis Oncol. 2023;7:e2300131.
  7. Lindskrog SV, Birkenkamp-Demtroder K, Nordentoft I, et al. Circulating tumor DNA analysis in advanced urothelial carcinoma: insights from biological analysis and extended clinical follow-up. Clinical Cancer Research. 2023; Oct 2. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-1860.
  8. Powles T, Assaf ZA, Degaonkar V, et al. Updated Overall Survival by Circulating Tumor DNA Status from the Phase 3 IMvigor010 Trial: Adjuvant Atezolizumab Versus Observation in Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma. European Urology. 2023; doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.06.007.
  9. Szabados B, Kockx M, Assaf ZA, et al. Final results of neoadjuvant atezolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with muscle-invasive urothelial cancer of the bladder. European Urology. 2022; 82, 212-222.
  10. Powles T, Assaf ZA, Davarpanah N, et al. ctDNA guiding adjuvant immunotherapy in urothelial carcinoma. Nature. 2021; 82, 212-222.
  11. Christensen E, Birkenkamp-Demtroder K, Sethi H, et al. Early Detection of Metastatic Relapse and Monitoring of Therapeutic Efficacy by Ultra-Deep Sequencing of Plasma Cell-Free DNA in Patients With Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2019;37(18):1547-1557.

Breast Cancer

  1. Chen JH, Addanki S, Roy D, et al. Monitoring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer using circulating tumor DNA. BMC Cancer. 2024; 24:1016.
  2. Nederlof R, Isaeva OI, de Graaf M, et al. Neoadjuvant nivolumab or nivolumab plus ipilimumab in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: a phase 2 adaptive trial. Nat. Med. 2024. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-03249-3.
  3. Cutts R, Ulrich L, Beany M, et al. Association of post-operative ctDNA detection with outcomes of patients with early breast cancers. ESMO Open. 2024;9(9):1-7.
  4. Durka MA, Tizpa E, Lawenda BD. The use of ctDNA MRD precision medicine surveillance after definitive treatment of early-stage, high-risk breast cancer in a radiation oncology practice: A case series. Current Problems in Cancer: Case Reports. 2024; 14:100295.
  5. Capella MP, Fallah P, Basik M. Personalized circulating tumor DNA response to local radiotherapy in a patient with an early lobular breast cancer: A case report. Oncol Lett. 2024;27(6):282.
  6. Shaw JA, Page K, Wren E, et al. Serial postoperative circulating tumor DNA assessment has strong prognostic value during long-term follow-up in patients with breast cancer. JCO Precis Oncol. 2024;8:e2300456.
  7. Magbanua MJM, Swigart LB, Ahmed Z, et al. Clinical significance and biology of circulating tumor DNA in high-risk early-stage HER2-negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Cell. 2023;41(6):1091-1102.
  8. Gruber JJ, Afghani A, Timss K, et al. A phase II study of talazoparib monotherapy in patients with wild-type BRCA1 and BRCA2 with a mutation in other homologous recombination genes. Nature Cancer. 2022; 3, 1181-1191.
  9. Cailleux F, Agostinetto E, Lambertini M, et al. Circulating tumor DNA after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer is associated with disease relapse. JCO-Precision Oncology. 2022;6:e2200148.
  10. Azzi G, Krinshpun S, Tin A, et al. Treatment response monitoring using a tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA test in an advanced triple negative breast cancer patient: A case report. Case Reports in Oncology. 2022;15:473-479.
  11. Magbanua MJM, Wen L, Wolf DM, et al. Circulating tumor DNA and magnetic resonance imaging to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response and recurrence risk. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2021;7(32):1-8.
  12. Magbanua MJM, Swigart LB, Wu H-T, et al. Circulating tumor DNA in neoadjuvant treated breast cancer reflects response and survival. Annals of Oncology. 2021;32(2):229-239.
  13. Coombes C, Page K, Salari R, et al. Personalized Detection of Circulating Tumor DNA Antedates Breast Cancer Metastatic Recurrence. Clinical Cancer Research. 2019;25(14):4255-4263.

Colorectal Cancer (CRC)

  1. Burley N, Lee Y, Liu L, et al. ctDNA-guided adjuvant immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Immunotherapy. 2024. doi: 10.1080/1750743X.2024.2430941.
  2. Nakamura Y, Watanabe J, Akazawa N et al. ctDNA-based molecular residual disease and survival in resectable colorectal cancer. Nat. Med. 2024. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-03254-6.
  3. Kataoka K, Mori K, Nakamura Y, et al. Survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy based on molecular residual disease detection in resected colorectal liver metastases: Subgroup analysis from CIRCULATE-Japan GALAXY. Ann. Oncol. 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.08.2240.
  4. O’Donnell CDJ, Naleid N, Siripoon T, et al. Circulating Tumor DNA Predicts Early Recurrence Following Locoregional Therapy for Oligometastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2024 Jun 29;16(13):2407. doi: 10.3390/cancers16132407.
  5. Kataoka K, Yamada T, Yamazaki K, et al. Trial protocol of a phase II study of mFOLFOXIRI after metastasectomy in patients with oligometastatic Colorectal cancer (FANTASTIC study). J Anus, Rectum and Colon. 2024;8(3):246-252.
  6. Radomski SN, Ali S, Lafaro KJ, et al. The utilization of circulating tumor DNA to predict the risk and location of relapse after curative-intent local therapy in oligometastatic colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Surg. 2024 Apr;28(4):534-537.
  7. Niemann B, Moise J, Sestito M, et al. Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Clearance May Predict Treatment Response in Neoadjuvant Colorectal Cancer Management. J Clin Med. 2024;13(6):1684.
  8. Bansal VV, Belmont E, Godley F 4th, et al. Utility of Circulating Tumor DNA Assessment in Characterizing Recurrence Sites after Optimal Resection for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. J Am Coll Surg. 2024;238(6):1013-1020.
  9. Emiloju OE, Storandt M, Zemla T, et al. Tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA for minimal residual disease detection in the management of colorectal cancer. JCO-Precision Oncology. 2024;8:e2300127.
  10. Dhiman A, Kothary V, Witmer HD, et al. Role of Tumor-informed Personalized ctDNA Assay in Informing Recurrence in Patients with Peritoneal Metastases from Colorectal and High-grade Appendix Cancer Undergoing Curative Intent Surgery. Annals of Surgery. 2023;278(6):925-931.
  11. Kotani D, Oki E, Nakamura Y, et al. Molecular residual disease and efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer. Nature Medicine. 2023;29(1):127-134.
  12. Kobayashi S, Bando H, Taketomi A, et al. NEXUS trial: a multicenter phase II clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of the perioperative use of encorafenib, binimetinib, and cetuximab in patients with previously untreated surgically resectable BRAF V600E mutant colorectal oligometastases. BMC Cancer. 2023;23(779)1-7.
  13. Vora KB, Tolay S, Parikh A, et al. Organ preservation in colon cancer: an illustrative case report. Cureus. 2022;14(5): e25351.
  14. Alden SL, Dhani H, Palsuledesai C, et al. Post-operative ctDNA monitoring in stage I colon cancer: A case report. Frontiers in Oncology. 2022;12:1074786.
  15. Kasi PM, Budde G, Krainock M, et al. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) serial analysis during progression on PD-1 blockade and later CTLA-4 rescue in patients with mismatch repair deficient metastatic colorectal cancer. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer. 2022;10:e003312.
  16. Miyo M, Kato T, Nakamura Y, et al. DENEB: Development of a new criteria for curability after local excision of pathological T1 colorectal cancer using liquid biopsy. Cancer Science. 2022;113:1531-1534.
  17. Weinberg BA, Winslow ER, Bayasi M, et al. Early detection of circulating tumor DNA post-operatively enables discovery of resectable metastatic disease in a patient with colon cancer. Case Reports in Oncology. 2021;14:1748–1753.
  18. Henriksen TV, Tarazona N, Frydendahl A, et al. Circulating tumor DNA in stage III colorectal cancer, beyond minimal residual disease detection, towards assessment of adjuvant therapy efficacy and clinical behavior of recurrences. Clin Cancer Res. 2021; 21-2404.
  19. Kasi PM, Sawyer S, Guilford J, et al. BESPOKE study protocol: A multicenter, prospective observational study to evaluate the impact of circulating tumor DNA guided therapy on patients with colorectal cancer. BMJ Open. 2021

Other GI Cancers (Pancreatic, Esophageal, Gastric, Anal Squamous Cell, Biliary Tract)

  1. Yoo C, Jeong H, Jeong JH, et al. Circulating tumor DNA status and dynamics predict recurrence in patients with resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J. Hepatol., 2024; DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.10.043.
  2. Yu J, Avriett TA, Ray CM, et al. Circulating tumor DNA analysis guiding adjuvant treatment in resected stage III cholangiocarcinoma: a case report. J Gastrointest Oncol, 2024;15(1):485-490.
  3. Botta G, Abdelrahim M, Drengler RL, et al. Association of personalized and tumor-informed ctDNA with patient survival outcomes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The Oncologist, 2024, doi: org/10.1093/oncolo/oyae155.
  4. Cecchini M, Salem RR, Robert M, et al. Perioperative Modified FOLFIRINOX for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2024;10(8):1027-1035. Invited Commentary: Pathak P, Weekes CD, Shroff RT. The Sequencing Conundrum in Localized Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma—Progress or Passive Acceptance? JAMA Oncol. 2024. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.0870
  5. Pant S, Wainberg ZA, Weekes CD, et al. Lymph node targeted, mKRAS-specific amphiphile vaccine in pancreatic and colorectal Cancer: The phase 1 AMPLIFY-201 trial. Nat Med. 2024;30(2):531-542.
  6. Eckhoff AM, Kanu E, Fletcher A, et al. Initial Report: Personalized Circulating Tumor DNA and Survival in Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Cancer. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2024;31(3):1444-1446.
  7. Abdelrahim M, Esmail A, Xu J, et al. Early relapse detection and monitoring disease status in patients with early-stage pancreatic adenocarcinoma using circulating tumor DNA. J Surg Res. 2021; 4(4):602-615.
  8. Belmont E, Bansal VV, Yousef MMG, et al. Multi-Institutional Study Evaluating the Role of Circulating Tumor DNA in the Management of Appendiceal Cancers. JCO Precis Oncol. 2024 May:8:e2300531. doi: 10.1200/PO.23.00531.
  9. Verschoor YL, van de Haar J, van den Berg JG, et al. Neoadjuvant atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: the phase 2 PANDA trial. Nat Med. 2024. doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02758-x.
  10. Bhutiani N, Helmink BA, Zeineddine M, et al. Utility of Circulating tumor DNA in Appendiceal Tumors. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2023; doi: 10.1007/s11605-023-05825-3.
  11. Singh H, Klempner SJ, Melnitchouk N, et al. Highly sensitive circulating tumor DNA assay aids clinical management of radiographically occult isolated peritoneal metastases in patients with GI cancer. JCO-Precision Oncology. 2023;7:e2200572.
  12. Dayyani F, Smith BR, Nguyen NT, et al. A phase Ib feasibility trial of response adapted neoadjuvant therapy in gastric cancer (RANT-GC). Future Oncol. 2022;18(21):2615–2622.
  13. Azzi G, Tavallai M, Aushev VA, et al. Using Tumor-Informed Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA)-Based Testing for Patients with Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. The Oncologist. 2023;28(3):220-229.
  14. Huffman BM, Aushev VN, Budde GL, et al. Analysis of circulating tumor DNA to predict risk of recurrence in patients with esophageal and gastric cancers. JCO-Precision Oncology. 2022;6:e2200420.
  15. Ococks E, Sharma S, Ng AWT, et al. Serial ctDNA detection using a personalized, tumor-informed assay in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients following resection. Gastroenterology. 2021;161(5):1705-1708.e2.
  16. Einstein DJ, Liang N, Malhotra M, et al. Assessment of Molecular Remission in Oligometastatic Esophageal Cancer with a Personalized Circulating Tumor DNA Assay. JCO-Precision Oncology. 2020;4:239-243.
  17. Zhang S, Brazel D, Kumar P, et al. Utility of tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA in the clinical management of gastrointestinal malignancies. Gastrointestinal Oncology. 2021; doi: 10.21037/jgo-21-484.

Gynecological Malignancies

  1. F. Recio, C.S. Scalise, P. Loar et al. Post-surgical ctDNA-based molecular residual disease detection in patients with stage I uterine malignancies. Gynecologic Oncology

    . 2024; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.12.025.

  2. J.Y. Hou, J.S. Chapman, E. Kalashnikova et al. Circulating tumor DNA monitoring for early recurrence detection in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecologic Oncology. 2022; doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.09.004.

Head and Neck Cancers

  1. Lele SJ, Adilbay D, Lewis E, et al. ctDNA as an Adjunct to Posttreatment PET for Head and Neck Cancer Recurrence Risk Assessment. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 2024; 17(2):439-444.
  2. Hanna GJ, Dennis MJ, Scarfo N, et al. Personalized ctDNA for Monitoring Disease Status in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clinical Cancer Research. 2024. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-24-0590.
  3. Oliva M, Chepeha D, Araujo D, et al. Antitumor Immune Effects of Pre-operative Sitravatinib and Nivolumab Lead to Major Clinical and Pathological Responses in Oral Cavity Cancer: The SNOW Window of Opportunity Study. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer. 2021;9(10), e003476.

Lung Cancer

  1. Ohara S, Suda K, Sudhaman S, et al. Clinical significance of perioperative minimal residual disease detected by circulating tumor DNA in lung cancer patients with a long follow-up data: An exploratory study. JTO Clinical and Research Reports. 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2024.100762.
  2. Oh Y, Yoon SM, Lee J, et al. Personalized, tumor-informed, circulating tumor DNA assay for detecting minimal residual disease in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving curative treatments. Thoracic Cancer. 2024. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.15281.
  3. Tan A, Lai GGY, Saw SPL, et al. Detection of circulating tumor DNA with ultradeep sequencing of plasma cell‐free DNA for monitoring minimal residual disease and early detection of recurrence in early‐stage lung cancer. Cancer. 2024;1-4. doi: 10.1002/cncr.35263.
  4. Martin T, Dinerman A, Sudhaman S, et al. Early real-world experience monitoring circulating tumor DNA in resected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2024, S0022-5223(24)00075-8.
  5. Lebow E, Shaverdian N, Eichholz JE, et al. ctDNA-based detection of molecular residual disease in stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. Front. Oncol. 2023, 13:1253629.
  6. Cascone T, Kar G, Spicer JD, et al. Neoadjuvant Durvalumab alone or combined with novel immuno-oncology agents in resectable lung cancer: The Phase 2 NeoCOAST platform trial. Cancer Discov. 2023, doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-23-0436.
  7. Abbosh C, Birkbak N, Wilson GA, et al. Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution. Nature. 2017, 545:446–451.

Skin Cancer (Melanoma, Merkel Cell, and Sarcoma)

  1. Phillipps J, Nassief G, Morecroft R, et al. Efficacy of PARP inhibitor therapy after targeted BRAF/MEK failure in advanced melanoma. NPJ Precision Oncology. 2024;8(187):1-7.
  2. Akaike T, Thakuria M, Silk AW, et al. Circulating Tumor DNA Assay Detects Merkel Cell Carcinoma Recurrence, Disease Progression, and Minimal Residual Disease: Surveillance and Prognostic Implications. J Clin Oncol. 2024. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.02054.
  3. Fischer RA, Ryan I, De La Torre K, et al. US physician perspective on the use of biomarker and ctDNA testing in patients with melanoma. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology. 2024;8:104289.
  4. Brunsgaard EK, Bowles TL, Asare EA, et al. Feasibility of personalized circulating tumor DNA detection in stage II and III melanoma patients. Melanoma Res. 2023;33(3):184-191.
  5. Eroglu Z, Krinshpun S, Kalashnikova E, et al. Circulating tumor DNA based molecular residual disease detection for treatment monitoring in advanced melanoma patients. Cancer. 2023;129(11):1723-1734.
  6. Park S J, Kannan A, Harris JP NH, et al. Circulating tumor DNA as a predictive biomarker in Merkel cell carcinoma. JAAD Case Report

    . doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2022.03.020.

  7. Khaddour K, Zhou A, Butt OH, et al. Case report: Real-world experience using a personalized cancer-specific circulating tumor DNA assay in different metastatic melanoma scenarios. Front. Oncol. 2022;12:978996.
  8. Zhou M, Bui N, Rathore R, et al. Feasibility of longitudinal ctDNA assessments in patients with uterine and extra-uterine leiomyosarcoma. Cancers. 2023;15:157.
  9. Yeakel J, Kannan A, Rattigan NH, et al. Bespoke circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for treatment response in a refractory merkel cell carcinoma patient. JAAD Case Report.

Hematologic Malignancies

  1. Mehta A, Popplewell L, Collins GP, et al. Magrolimab Plus Rituximab in Relapsed/Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Phase 1/2 Trial 3-Year Follow-up. Blood Adv. 2024; doi: bloodadvances.2024013277.
  2. Maakaron J, Asch AS, Popplewell L, et al. Magrolimab Plus Rituximab with/without Chemotherapy in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Blood Adv. 2024; doi: bloodadvances.2024013338.
  3. Narkhede M, Tomassetti S, Iqbal M. Tumor-informed ctDNA assessment as a valuable prognostic and predictive biomarker in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Front. in Oncol. 28 July 2024; Sec. Hematologic Malignancies. Volume 14 - 2024.
  4. Dhakal B, Sharma S, Balcioglu M et al. Assessment of Molecular Residual Disease Using Circulating Tumor DNA to Identify Multiple Myeloma Patients at High Risk of Relapse. Front. in Oncol. 2022;12:786451.

Pancancer

  1. Tsimberidou AM, Alayli FA, Okrah K, et al. Immunologic signatures of response and resistance to nivolumab with ipilimumab in advanced metastatic cancer. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2024;221:10 e20240152.
  2. Hernando-Calvo A, Yang SYC, Vila-Casadesús M, et al. Combined Transcriptome and Circulating Tumor DNA Longitudinal Biomarker Analysis Associates With Clinical Outcomes in Advanced Solid Tumors Treated With Pembrolizumab. JCO Precis Oncol. 2024;8:e2400100. doi: 10.1200/PO.24.00100.
  3. Kalashnikova E, Aushev, VA, Malashevich AK, et al. Correlation between variant allele frequency and mean tumor molecules with tumor burden in patients with solid tumors. Molecular Oncology. 2023; doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.13557.
  4. Gibbs JN, Dale PS, Weatherall AL. Utilization of Circulating Tumor DNA in the Surveillance Setting. The American Surgeon. 2023;89(9):3799-3802.
  5. Cohen S, Liu MC, Aleshin A. Practical recommendations for using ctDNA in clinical decision making. Nature. 2023;619:259-268.
  6. Kasi PM, Chakrabarti S, Sawyer S, et al. BESPOKE IO protocol: a multicentre, prospective observational study evaluating the utility of ctDNA in guiding immunotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumours. BMJ Open. 2022;12:e060342.
  7. Cohen SA, Kasi A, Hook N, et al. The Utility of Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Monitoring in Cancer Patients Who Are Pregnant or Planning to Become Pregnant. Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2022:9412201.
  8. Kasi P, Fehringer G, Taniguchi H, et al. Impact of Circulating Tumor DNA-Based Detection of Molecular Residual Disease on the Conduct and Design of Clinical Trials for Solid Tumors. JCO-PO. 2022;6:e2100181.
  9. Yang CSY, Lien SC, Wang BX, et al. Pan-cancer analysis of longitudinal metastatic tumors reveals genomic alterations and immune landscape dynamics associated with pembrolizumab sensitivity. Nat Commun. 2021;12:5137.
  10. Henriksen TV, Reinert T, Christensen T, et al. The effect of surgical trauma on circulating free DNA levels in cancer patients - implications for studies of circulating tumor DNA. Molecular Oncology. 2020;14:1670-1679.
  11. Bratman SV, Yang SYC, Iafolla MAJ, et al. Personalized circulating tumor DNA analysis as a predictive biomarker in solid tumor patients treated with pembrolizumab. Nature Cancer. 2020;1:873-881.